The Working Class must prepare to become the Ruling Class in order to ensure peace, prosperity and progress!

Ninety years ago, the workers and peasants of Russia became the masters of their country by carrying out a revolution which became known throughout the world as the Great October Socialist Revolution. This world historic act heralded sweeping changes in Russia and the whole world.

The imperialist powers of the world – US, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and others – were at that time embroiled in the First World War for the redivision of the world. The treacherous leaders of workers in different imperialist countries justified the imperialist war. They asked the workers to line up behind the bourgeoisie of their own countries, against the workers of other lands. The working class and the people of the imperialist countries and their colonies were made to pay with their blood for this war.

With the slogan “bread, land and peace”, Russia’s workers and peasants overthrew the Tsar, the rule of the capitalists and landowners, and established their own rule. The Bolshevik Party led by Lenin gave the call "war against war". It led the workers, peasants and soldiers in converting the imperialist war into a revolutionary civil war ending with the victorious socialist revolution. The Russia ruled by workers and peasants withdrew from the imperialist war.

Capitalists and imperialists worldwide spewed venom at Russia’s workers and at the communists who organized and guided them in the struggle. They hurled all their forces to try to defeat the revolution and overthrow socialism. The workers and oppressed of the whole world applauded the victory of the workers and peasants of Russia. They intensified the struggle against “their own bourgeoisie” for the victory of the revolution in their own countries, and supported this same struggle all over the world.

The workers and peasants rule in Russia began to reorient the economy from the old one geared to fattening the pockets of capitalists and imperialists, to the new one geared to fulfilling the needs of the producers of wealth, the workers and peasants. The colonies groaning in the prison house called Russia were granted full freedom and a voluntary union of consenting nations and peoples was created, called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). All the constituent nations and peoples of the USSR enjoyed the full right to self-determination.

Within a relatively short time the Soviet Union took giant strides in all fields of social endeavor. The incomparable superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist system was brought forth in stark relief before the whole world.

Poverty, unemployment, ill health, and illiteracy were eradicated in a very short period of time. The workers and peasants’ state ensured the emancipation of women, by enabling them to work and participate as equals with men in political and social life. The Soviet Union became the first country in the world that granted women the right to vote. Maternity leave was made a right – again for the first time in the world.

The State took on the responsibility of bringing up children, including providing them education, as well as care for the aged and the infirm. Free education and health care were provided to all. All the languages of the peoples were encouraged to be developed.

The Soviet Union became a beacon of peace, progress, prosperity, and enlightenment, for people the world over. The 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union remains todate the most advanced constitution world over in terms of affirming human, democratic and national rights.

The strength and superiority of socialism, of the rule of workers and peasants, was revealed before the people of the whole world during the Second World War. When Hitler’s hordes invaded the Soviet Union, the people united as one to resist and eventually defeat this onslaught. Despite suffering the greatest human and material losses of the War, the Soviet Union made a decisive contribution to the liberation of Europe, and the world, from Nazi fascism.

The world's first socialist state is no more. Sixteen years ago, the open rule of capital was formally reestablished in Russia and other republics of the former Soviet Union. The capitalists and imperialists of the whole world rejoiced at the downfall of socialism in the Soviet Union. Today, Russia is an imperialist country, where workers and peasants are savagely exploited, and unemployment, prostitution, drugs and other evils of capitalism are flourishing.

We communists have been studying why and how capitalism returned to the Soviet Union and other countries. We must ensure that when the working class comes to power in India, we remember each and every one of the lessons learnt from this study of the successes and subsequent downfall of the Soviet Union. The class struggle must continue, and mechanisms put in place to ensure that political power remains in the hands of workers and peasants.

The degeneration of socialism in the Soviet Union began in the fifties of the twentieth century, with Nikita Khrushchev coming to the head of the Bolshevik Party after the death of JV Stalin. Khrushchev refused to address a number of problems in the fields of political theory, philosophy and political economy, which emerged at that time. Instead he supervised the transformation of the socialist Soviet Union into a social imperialist country – a country that was socialist in words, but capitalist and imperialist in deeds.

It attacked Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan, and contended and colluded with the US for world domination. The Soviet Union, increasingly, was no longer the source of inspiration it had once been to the workers and oppressed of the world. The economy was reoriented towards militarization and achieving global imperialist aims of a new emerging bourgeoisie. Within the Soviet Union, Great Russian chauvinism was encouraged and national oppression of various nations and peoples was restored.

All this was carried out in the name of communism and the working class, which was systematically marginalized from the political system and process. The militarized and crisis-ridden economy could not satisfy the needs of the populace. At the same time, the new bourgeoisie which had emerged over the years was impatient to get rid of the shell of socialism which was hampering its growth. In these conditions, the bourgeoisie rode on the discontent of the working masses to dismantle this shell, and restore capitalism.

Ever since the victory of the workers of Russia 90 years ago, the principal aim of capitalists and imperialists around the world has been to destroy socialism and to prevent the triumph of proletarian revolutions. With the destruction of socialism in the Soviet Union and some other countries, world imperialism regained the initiative. Revolution went into retreat.

However, the fundamental contradiction of the epoch remains between capitalism, the old system, and socialism the new. The contradictions between capital and labour, between imperialism and the peoples, as well as the inter-imperialist contradictions are all sharpening.

The workers and oppressed peoples and nations of the world are waging fierce struggles against globalization, liberalization and privatization, against imperialism, fascism and imperialist war. It is a matter of time before the tide of revolution changes from ebb into flow. Communists must prepare the conditions so that when the tide turns in favour of revolution, the working class comes to power.

In the period since the end of the Cold War, the question of democratic renewal has come to the fore in India as well as in other capitalist countries. It has become clear that the system of rule in a majority of countries including India, the parliamentary system of representative democracy, keeps the working class and broad masses of people out of power. The working class and people are showing everywhere that they are not satisfied with a political system that marginalizes them.

Replacing this representative democracy by direct democracy, in tune with the conditions of India is the challenge facing the workers and peasants of India. Blocking this transition are the bourgeoisie and imperialism, as well as political parties that represent their interests. Building the alternative, direct democracy, is the task that communists and workers and peasants of India have taken up. This struggle for democratic renewal, for replacing representative democracy with direct democracy, is the form in which the contradiction between capitalism and socialism is being played out at this time.

As we mark the 90th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the challenge facing India's working class and communists is clear. The rule of the bourgeoisie needs to be replaced by the rule of workers and peasants. Only then will India march on the road of peace, prosperity and progress for her people! The struggle for democratic renewal — the struggle of the working class led by the Communist party to replace representative democracy with direct democracy — is opening the way to the establishment of the rule of workers and peasants on Indian soil.